As we embrace Movember, it’s time to shine the light on men’s health, particularly the often-overlooked issue of testicular cancer.
Did you know that testicular cancer accounts for about 1 in every 100 cancers in males? It’s also the second most common cancer among young men aged 20 to 39.
This month, we’re not just growing moustaches – we’re raising awareness, encouraging self-exams, and promoting open discussions about men’s health.
The Importance of Early Detection
Early detection is crucial when it comes to testicular cancer. With over 90% of individuals diagnosed with this cancer successfully treated, recognising the symptoms and getting timely medical advice can save lives.
It’s time to break the stigma surrounding men’s health issues and create a culture where discussing these concerns is not only acceptable but encouraged.
Recognising the Symptoms
Testicular cancer typically originates in the testicles, the small glands responsible for sperm production. It can affect one or both testicles and may spread to lymph nodes or other areas. Here are key symptoms to watch for:
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- Changes in the size or shape of a testicle
- Uneven testicles
- Aches or pains in the testicles, scrotum, abdomen, or back
- Enlarged, tender nipples
- Coughing or breathlessness
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult your doctor promptly.
What Causes Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer occurs when cells in the testicles begin to divide at an accelerated rate, leading to the formation of a lump or tumour.
While scientists are still investigating the exact reasons behind this abnormal cell growth, they have identified that the cells involved in testicular cancer typically originate from germ cells.
Unpacking the Different Types of Testicular Cancer
As we’ve said, testicular cancer primarily originates from germ cells in the testicles, which can cluster together to create a tumour or mass. These germ cells are responsible for developing into sperm. Two main categories of testicular cancer stem from these germ cells:
- Seminoma: This type of cancer tends to grow slowly and is most commonly diagnosed in individuals in their 40s and 50s.
- Non-seminoma: In contrast, non-seminoma tumours grow more quickly and typically affect younger individuals, particularly those in their late teens to early 30s. There are four specific types of non-seminoma tumours, each named after the germ cell type from which it originates: embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma.
It’s also important to note that some testicular tumours can contain a mixture of both seminoma and non-seminoma cells.
Trigger Points and Risk Factors Related to Testicular Cancer
While no single factor directly causes testicular cancer, certain elements can elevate your risk of developing the disease. Here are some key risk factors to consider:
- Age: Testicular cancer is most frequently diagnosed in individuals between the ages of 15 and 35.
- Undescended Testicles: Normally, testicles form in the abdomen during fetal development and descend into the scrotum before birth. If they do not descend, a condition known as undescended testicles, surgery may be necessary. However, being born with this condition can increase your risk of testicular cancer, even after treatment.
- Family and Personal History: If a biological parent or sibling has had testicular cancer, your chances of developing it may be higher. Additionally, certain inherited genetic conditions, such as Klinefelter Syndrome, can contribute to an increased risk. If you’ve had testicular cancer in one testicle, you’re also more likely to develop it in the other.
- Infertility: Some of the underlying factors that contribute to infertility might also be linked to an increased risk of testicular cancer. Ongoing research aims to clarify this relationship.
Treatment Options
Treatment for testicular cancer varies based on the type and stage.
Common options include:
- Surgery: Typically, an orchidectomy is performed to remove the affected testicle. In cases of non-seminomas, lymph nodes may also be removed.
- Radiation Therapy: High-dose X-rays can eliminate cancer cells, primarily used for seminomas after surgery.
- Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs like cisplatin and etoposide target cancer cells at various treatment stages.
Discuss your treatment options with a healthcare provider to find the best plan for your needs.
Managing Fertility
For men facing testicular cancer, fertility is an important consideration. The disease and its treatments can impact hormone levels and reproductive health. It’s essential to discuss these potential effects with a fertility specialist before starting treatment.
Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy can affect your fertility in similar ways, as these treatments may lead to a temporary reduction in sperm production and can harm the overall health of your sperm. It can take over two years for sperm quantity and quality to return to normal, and in some cases, infertility may be permanent.
Additionally, testicular cancer itself can lower testosterone levels, and the treatments can further inhibit testosterone production in the testicles. If this becomes an issue, your doctor can provide testosterone gels, patches, or supplements to help manage it.
It’s important to remember that a diagnosis of testicular cancer doesn’t automatically mean you will face infertility. However, it does increase the risk – especially with more aggressive forms of the disease. Some treatments may delay your ability to have children for a few years.
While thoughts of starting a family might be the last thing on your mind right after a diagnosis, consider discussing sperm storage options with your healthcare provider. This can preserve your chances of having children in the future.
Performing a Self-Exam
One of the simplest yet most effective ways to catch testicular cancer early is through regular self-exams.
Here’s how to do it:
- Timing: Perform the exam after a warm shower or bath.
- Technique: Use both hands to roll each testicle between your fingers gently.
- Know What’s Normal: Familiarise yourself with the structure of your testicles. Feel for any lumps or changes.
- Check for Lumps: Lumps can be painless and as small as a pea. If you notice anything unusual, see your healthcare provider.
Lifestyle Tips for Reducing Risk
While the exact causes of testicular cancer remain unclear, adopting a healthy lifestyle can help reduce your overall cancer risk:
- Avoid tobacco products
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Maintain a BMI below 25
- Stay physically active daily
- Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables while minimising processed meats
This Movember, let’s prioritise men’s health by raising awareness.
By recognising symptoms, discussing fertility options, and adopting healthier lifestyles, we can create a supportive environment that empowers men to take charge of their health. Together, we can make a significant difference—one conversation at a time.
Join us in the fight against testicular cancer! Share your story with us at HART, and get involved.
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